Heat stroke is a serious medical condition that occurs when the body's temperature regulation system fails due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures or physical exertion in hot environments.

Signs & Symptoms:

1. High body temperature:A core body temperature above 39.4°C (103°F) is a primary indicator.
2. Altered mental state:Confusion, agitation, slurred speech, irritability, delirium, seizures, and coma.
3. Skin changes:Red, hot, and dry skin, particularly in non-sweating heat stroke, though in exertional heat stroke, the skin may be moist.
4. Nausea and vomiting:These symptoms often accompany heat stroke.
5. Rapid heartbeat and breathing:The body works harder to cool itself, resulting in a strong, rapid pulse and breathing.
6. Headache:A throbbing headache is common.                                                  

Preventive Measures:

1. Stay Hydrated:Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. Water is essential, but sports drinks can also help replenish electrolytes lost through sweat. Avoid alcohol and caffeine as they can contribute to dehydration.
2. Wear Appropriate Clothing:Opt for lightweight, loose-fitting, and light-colored clothes that allow your body to breathe and sweat to evaporate. Use a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses for additional protection from the sun.
3. Seek Shade and Cool Environments:Minimize exposure to direct sunlight, particularly during the peak heat hours from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Stay indoors as much as possible, preferably in air-conditioned spaces. If air conditioning is not available, use fans, cool showers, and wet clothes to help lower your body temperature.
4. Plan Activities Wisely:Schedule outdoor activities for the cooler parts of the day, such as early morning or late evening. Take frequent breaks in shaded or cool areas to prevent overheating.
5. Use Sunscreen:Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 to prevent sunburn, which can impair your body’s ability to cool down.
6. Acclimate Gradually:If you are not accustomed to high temperatures, gradually increase your exposure to the heat to help your body adjust. This is particularly important for those who work outdoors or engage in physical activities.
7. Monitor High-Risk Individuals:Elderly people, infants, young children, individuals with chronic illnesses, and those on certain medications are at higher risk. Ensure they stay cool and hydrated, and check on them frequently.
8. Recognize Early Symptoms:Being aware of the early symptoms of heat-related illnesses can prevent escalation to heat stroke. Signs such as heavy sweating, muscle cramps, fatigue, weakness, and dizziness should prompt immediate action to cool down and hydrate.

Immediate Response to Heat Stroke

If you suspect someone is experiencing heat stroke, it is critical to act fast. Move the person to a cooler place and apply cool, wet clothes to their skin. Use fans to circulate air around them and, if possible, immerse them in cool water. Call emergency services immediately, as heat stroke is a medical emergency requiring prompt professional intervention.

With temperatures set to rise significantly, it is crucial to be vigilant and prepared. By recognizing the signs and symptoms of heat stroke and implementing effective preventive steps, you can protect yourself and others from the potentially deadly effects of extreme heat. Stay cool, stay hydrated, and stay safe during the heatwave.